Professional Narratives about Older Adults and Health Services Responsive to Fall-Inducing Frailty.

The second external cause of death from unintentional injuries is falls in people over 60 and is a worldwide Public Health problem. Associated factors are identified early in Primary Health Care. Thus, we analyze professional narratives about older adults/old age and the organization of services in the presence of fall-inducing frailty. A structured narrative was applied under the following stages: understanding the context, setting/plot/character analysis, and interpretive synthesis. Data were collected from August to November 2022, distributing 21 health professionals in three Narrative Focus Groups. In the analyses, the collective conceptions dialogued with Bourdieu's Epistemology of field, habitus, and capital. Technical and common sense representations of older adults were simultaneously observed among the results, along with the belief of old age as a problematic life stage. Care is centered on the installed disease/ailment. Encouraging autonomy and self-care emerges in integrative health practices, which older adults underestimate. Professionals access the lives of older adults according to their habitus, which, in turn, is structured (structuring) in the disputes for installed capital. Thus, the care provided disregards subjectivities and symbolic systems associated with falls.

A look at vulnerability in the older population in health sciences studies: a systematic review / O olhar sobre a vulnerabilidade na população idosa nos estudos das ciências da saúde: uma revisão sistemática

The objective of this study was to systematically investigate and review studies on the concept of vulnerability associated with the health of the older population. Articles were selected, filtered, and analyzed following the steps recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Screening and data extraction were performed independently by 2 reviewers using templates developed by the authors. Data extracted included specific details about population, interest, and context. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they: 1) were cross-sectional or prospective, 2) involved community-dwellers aged ≥ 60 years, 3) were published in the last 10 years, and 4) had as a concept vulnerability associated with the health of the older population. A total of 833 studies were identified and screened, 26 of which were included. Most included studies addressed vulnerability in older adults as an individual aspect, whether biological or psychological. The remaining studies reported vulnerability as affecting socio-environmental, health care system, and multifactorial aspects. Therefore, the concept of "vulnerability in older people" was not properly defined in the biomedical scientific community. When we return to the guiding question of this review, we can conclude that the conditions of vulnerability of older people are being treated broadly and diversely, producing different methodological strategies. The systematic review was conducted in the United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases between August and December 2020 and updated in September 2022, with registration number CRD42022361649

O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar e revisar sistematicamente estudos sobre o conceito de vulnerabilidade associado à saúde da população idosa. Os trabalhos foram selecionados, filtrados e analisados seguindo as etapas recomendadas pela The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. A triagem e a extração de dados foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes usando modelos desenvolvidos pelos autores. A extração de dados incluiu detalhes específicos da população; interesse; contexto. Consideraram-se artigos que: 1) fossem estudos transversais ou prospectivos, 2) envolvessem idosos da comunidade (≥ 60 anos), 3) fossem dos últimos dez anos; tivessem como conceito a vulnerabilidade associada à saúde da população idosa. O total de 833 estudos foi identificado e triado, e 26 deles foram incluídos. A maioria dos estudos incluídos verificou a vulnerabilidade do idoso no aspecto individual, seja biológico, seja psicológico. Em contrapartida, o restante dos estudos acredita que a vulnerabilidade atinja o aspecto socioambiental, sistema de saúde e multifatorial. Sendo assim, conceito de "vulnerabilidade do idoso" não está devidamente definido na comunidade científica biomédica. Neste caso, retornando à questão norteadora desta revisão, conclui-se que as condições de vulnerabilidade do idoso estão sendo tratadas de maneira ampla e diversa, produzindo diferentes estratégias metodológicas. A revisão sistemática foi realizada nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), entre agosto e dezembro de 2020, com atualização em setembro de 2022, sob código CRD42022361649

Impact of covid-19 on people living with HIV-1: care and prevention indicators at a local and nationwide level, Santo André, Brazil.

The world has been dealing with Aids for forty years, covid-19 accentuated societal inequalities and promoted a rupture in care and prevention, including for people living with HIV. We compiled official HIV indicators, analyzed the impact of covid-19 in Brazil, at São Paulo State (SP), and compared it to the municipality of Santo André (in the state of São Paulo), which adopted linkage/retention strategies to mitigate the impact of covid-19. From 2019 to 2020, suppression/adhesion rates remained stable. The number of new treatments decreased both in Brazil (-19.75%) and São Paulo (-16.44%), but not in Santo André, where 80% of new patients started treatment within 30 days from their first TCD4 test (70% in São Paulo and 64% in Brazil). However, PrEP dispensing increased during this period. The distribution of 2,820 HIV self-tests in Santo André lead to only one documented new HIV diagnosis linked to care. Synergistic strategies to swiftly diagnose and connect new cases, ensuring retention as well as rescuing missing patients deserve priority in the fight against HIV, especially in times of covid-19.

Socioeconomic and Demographic Contexts of Brazilian and International University Students Regarding the Use of Dental Services.

This article characterizes the different socioeconomic and demographic contexts regarding the use and access to dental services by Brazilian and African students at a Brazilian university of international nature. This is a cross-sectional, analytical, observational study with a quantitative approach, with data produced by 350 students from a public university in the state of Ceará. Sociodemographic and economic factors, participation in educational activities, self-perception of oral health, and use of dental services by academics were analyzed. The results obtained indicated that of the university students participating in the study, 74.0% had already used dental services, of which 57.43% were Brazilian and 42.57% international. There was a significant association between being a Brazilian academic and having already used dental services, having an income less than or equal to the minimum wage, and having used the public dental service. The determination of the prevalence of use of dental services and the different contexts of university students can assist in planning future actions in oral health that prioritize groups of university students with greater difficulties in the use and access of these services.

Stroke Hospital Admissions during the COVID-19 Outbreak in São Paulo, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Globally, stroke remains an important cause of death and long-term disability, and the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the health system may have impaired stroke care. Previous studies suggest significant reduction in hospital admissions for stroke after COVID-19 onset as patients may hesitate seeking medical help due to fear of exposure. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included cases of hospital admissions for stroke, identified from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde), which contains official and public data in Brazil. Data were collected in duplicate, then categorized according to the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10), considering codes I60-I69. Linear regression was used to estimate the variation in hospital admissions for stroke in the city of São Paulo (SP) - the largest and most populous city in Brazil and Latin America, between January and June of each analyzed year (2017-2020). The percentage variation between June and January 2020 was also compared. The level of significance was set at 5%, and the statistical program used was Stata, version 14.0. RESULTS: In the city of SP, during the first wave of COVID-19, from January to June 2020, there were registered decreases in absolute numbers and mean monthly admissions for stroke. Compared to January 2020, data from June 2020 showed 17% reduction in hospitalizations for intracerebral hemorrhage, 32% for cerebral infarction, 26% for stroke unspecified, and 47% for other cerebrovascular diseases. CONCLUSION: We argue for policies aimed at improving stroke care and developing awareness campaigns regarding the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, as even in less severe presentations, stroke can trigger an increase in mortality, cost, and long-term disability.

Person-Centered Health Intervention Programs, Provided at Home to Older Adults with Multimorbidity and Their Caregivers: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

The WHO has been promoting the paradigm shift in health care towards person-centered care, considering this strategy as fundamental for the personalization of care, but globally, the implementation of person-centered health intervention programs is still in an early stage. Older adults have high morbidity rates, which are often precursors to functional dependence on informal caregivers. Person-centered health intervention programs may answer the vulnerability of older adults and their caregivers, but they are not yet intensively implemented. This systematic literature review aims to identify which person-centered health programs exist in-home settings for this population and show the health gains. Methods: A systematic review of the literature will be conducted in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, MedicLatina, Scopus, and MEDLINE. The search strategy will contain the following MesH terms or similar: "older adults", "caregivers", "home care", and "patient-centered care." Criteria inclusion: Person-centered health intervention programs performed to older adults and their caregivers' in-home context; scientific articles from 2017 to 2022. For the extraction and synthesis, two independent reviewers will quality analyze the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the data quality analysis. Disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer.

Impact of covid-19 on people living with HIV-1: care and prevention indicators at a local and nationwide level, Santo André, Brazil

ABSTRACT The world has been dealing with Aids for forty years, covid-19 accentuated societal inequalities and promoted a rupture in care and prevention, including for people living with HIV. We compiled official HIV indicators, analyzed the impact of covid-19 in Brazil, at São Paulo State (SP), and compared it to the municipality of Santo André (in the state of São Paulo), which adopted linkage/retention strategies to mitigate the impact of covid-19. From 2019 to 2020, suppression/adhesion rates remained stable. The number of new treatments decreased both in Brazil (-19.75%) and São Paulo (-16.44%), but not in Santo André, where 80% of new patients started treatment within 30 days from their first TCD4 test (70% in São Paulo and 64% in Brazil). However, PrEP dispensing increased during this period. The distribution of 2,820 HIV self-tests in Santo André lead to only one documented new HIV diagnosis linked to care. Synergistic strategies to swiftly diagnose and connect new cases, ensuring retention as well as rescuing missing patients deserve priority in the fight against HIV, especially in times of covid-19.

Inequalities in Mortality and Access to Hospital Care for Cervical Cancer-An Ecological Study.

Cervical cancer is the second most common form of cancer in the world among women, and it is estimated to be the third most frequent cancer in Brazil, as well as the fourth leading cause of death from cancer. There is a difference in cervical cancer mortality rates among different administrative regions in Brazil along with an inadequate distribution of cancer centers in certain Brazilian regions. Herein, we analyze the trends in hospital admission and mortality rates for CC between 2000 and 2012. This population-based ecological study evaluated the temporal trend in cervical cancer between the years 2000 and 2012, stratifying by Brazilian administrative regions. The North and Northeast regions had no reduction in mortality in all age groups studied (25 to 64 years); when analyzing hospitalization rates, only the age group of 50 to 64 years from the North Region did not present a reduction. During the years studied, in the South Region, the age group ranging from 50 to 54 years had the greatest reduction in mortality rates (ß = -0.59, p = 0.001, r2 = 0.63), and the group ranging from 45 to 49 years had the greatest reduction in hospital admission rates (ß = -8.87, p = 0.025, r2 = 0.37). Between the years 2000 and 2012, the greatest reduction in the incidence of UCC was in the South Region (ß = -1.43, p = 0.236, r2 = 0.12) followed by the Central-West (ß = -1, p < 0.001, r2 = 0.84), the Southeast (ß = -0.95, p < 0.001, r2 = 0.88), the Northeast (ß = -0.67, p = 0.080, r2 = 0.25), and, finally, by the North (ß = -0.42, p = 0.157, r2 = 0.17). There was a greater reduction in mortality rates and global hospitalization rates for CC in Brazil than in the United States during the same period with exceptions only in Brazil's North and Northeast regions.

Infant mortality in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo: an ecological study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of risk factors on infant mortality in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo according to maternal and neonate characteristics, as well as mode of delivery. METHODS: An ecological, quantitative study based on secondary data retrieved from infant mortality and live birth data systems. Data from 39 municipalities located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo were analyzed. Newborn and maternal variables were extracted from the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System. Absolute and relative frequencies were presented, as well as linear regression and Pearson´s correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The following maternal profile prevailed from 2006 to 2016: 8 to 11 years of education (ß=73.58; p=0.023), age between 30 and 34 years (ß=19.04; p=0.015) and delivery by cesarean section (ß=39.59; p=0.009) after full-term pregnancy (ß=-14.20; p=0.324). Mortality rates decreased in neonates compared to other age groups (ß=-25.30; p<0.001). Infant mortality rates tended to be higher among women experiencing pre-term (r=0.86; p<0.001) or post-term (r=0.95; p<0.001) gestation. CONCLUSION: Maternal age and level of education increased among women giving birth in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo from 2006 to 2016. These were relevant factors for infant mortality rate reduction.

Infant mortality in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo: an ecological study / Mortalidade infantil na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo: estudo ecológico

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the impact of risk factors on infant mortality in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo according to maternal and neonate characteristics, as well as mode of delivery. Methods An ecological, quantitative study based on secondary data retrieved from infant mortality and live birth data systems. Data from 39 municipalities located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo were analyzed. Newborn and maternal variables were extracted from the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System. Absolute and relative frequencies were presented, as well as linear regression and Pearson´s correlation coefficient. Results The following maternal profile prevailed from 2006 to 2016: 8 to 11 years of education (β=73.58; p=0.023), age between 30 and 34 years (β=19.04; p=0.015) and delivery by cesarean section (β=39.59; p=0.009) after full-term pregnancy (β=-14.20; p=0.324). Mortality rates decreased in neonates compared to other age groups (β=-25.30; p<0.001). Infant mortality rates tended to be higher among women experiencing pre-term (r=0.86; p<0.001) or post-term (r=0.95; p<0.001) gestation. Conclusion Maternal age and level of education increased among women giving birth in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo from 2006 to 2016. These were relevant factors for infant mortality rate reduction.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a influência dos fatores de risco na mortalidade infantil da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, segundo as características da mãe e do neonato e o tipo de parto. Métodos Trata-se de estudo ecológico com abordagem quantitativa utilizando dados secundários dos sistemas de mortalidade infantil e nascidos vivos nos 39 municípios da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Variáveis do recém-nascido e maternas foram extraídas do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, tendo sido apresentadas as frequências absoluta e relativa, bem como a regressão linear e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados No decênio, registraram-se perfil materno com escolaridade entre 8 e 11 anos (β=73,58; p=0,023) e idade materna entre 30 e 34 anos (β=١٩,٠٤; p=0,015). O parto mais evidenciado foi o cesáreo (β=39,59; p=0,009) e a duração da gestação mais apontada foi a termo (β=-14,20; p=0,324). O período pós-neonatal apresentou regressão nos óbitos comparado com as demais faixas etárias (β=-25,30; p<0,001). Ainda, mulheres no período gestacional consideradas pré-termo (r=0,86; p<0,001) e pós-termo (r=0,95; p<0,001) tiveram chances aumentadas na taxa de mortalidade infantil. Conclusão A faixa etária materna e o grau de escolaridade estão aumentando nas mulheres que tiveram filhos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, no período de 2006 a 2016. Isso também demonstra relevância na redução da taxa de mortalidade infantil.

Proposta estruturada de intervenção dos cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação: ganhos sensíveis aos cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação à pessoa com défice no autocuidado e em processo cirúrgico / Structured proposal for intervention in rehabilitation nursing care: sensitive gains in rehabilitation nursing care for people with self-care deficits and in the surgical process

As necessidades cirúrgicas têm vindo a crescer em Portugal, verificando-se um aumento da dependência nos autocuidados das pessoas em processo cirúrgico. A intervenção da enfermagem de reabilitação tem como objetivo a capacitação da pessoa para a execução dos seus autocuidados e a demonstração dos resultados sensíveis aos cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação, permitindo comprovar a qualidade dos cuidados prestados. Este projeto desenvolveu-se através da aplicação de uma proposta estruturada de intervenção dos cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação, seguindo a metodologia qualitativa de Robert Yin (2015) (estudos de caso múltiplos), a teoria de médio alcance de Lopes (2006) e o modelo de Fonseca e Lopes (2014), baseado na teoria do défice do autocuidado de Orem (2001). Verificou-se um aumento significativo dos resultados sensíveis aos cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação. A intervenção realizada traduziu-se em ganhos sensíveis para estes cuidados. Esta dissertação permitiu a demonstração da aquisição de competências na área de especialidade de enfermagem de reabilitação e de mestre em enfermagem.

Surgical needs have been growing in Portugal increasing dependence on the self-care of people in the surgical process. The rehabilitation nursing intervention has the objective of empowering the person to perform their self-care and demonstrating the care-sensitive outcomes in the rehabilitation nursing care, allowing to prove the quality of the care provided. This project was developed through the application of a structured proposal of rehabilitation nursing care intervention, following the qualitative methodology applied by Robert Yin in his multiple case study method (2015), Lopes' mediumrange theory (2006) and the model of Fonseca and Lopes (2014), based on Orem's theory of deficit of self-care (2001). There was a significant increase in nursing care-sensitive outcomes in rehabilitation nursing care. The intervention was translated into sensible gains for these cares. This dissertation allowed the demonstration of the acquisition of skills in the rehabilitation nursing specialty area and master in nursing.

Prevention Actions of Burnout Syndrome in Nurses: An Integrating Literature Review.

AIMS: To identify the strategies for the prevention of burnout syndrome in nurses; and discuss the results for future interventions that can decrease burnout in these professionals. DESIGN: An integrative review of the literature. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Lilacs, Medline, Scielo, and Science Direct, from April 2018 to July 2018. METHODS: The sources were in all 553 references were found. The following guiding question was: Which interventions for the prevention of burnout in nurses have been applied and have obtained high effectiveness? RESULTS: Based on the inclusion and exclusion factors, 30 studies were selected for analysis. The studies were categorized in individual, group and organizational, being the studies with actions in groups those of greater prevalence. CONCLUSION: The actions used to cope with burnout were, for the most part, effective, with some demonstrating greater success than others. From the 30 reviewed studies, the results did not obtain satisfactory improvement in burnout in only three interventions: 1) Systematic nursing supervision; 2) Basic nursing care; and 3) Psycho-oncological training program.

The contribution of Home Care to the construction of health care networks from the perspective of health professionals and elderly users / Atenção Domiciliar e sua contribuição para a construção das Redes de Atenção à Saúde sob a óptica de seus profissionais e de usuários idosos

Abstract Objective: Analyze Home Care (AD) contribution to the consolidation of Health Care Networks(RAS) from the viewpoint of professionals and elderly users. Method: Qualitative research, through a semi-structured questionnaire, was carried out.Six professionals were included, by draw, each of them from an occupational category of Home Care Service in Sao Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil, and also 34 users aged over 60 years-old, conscious and oriented, engaged for, at least one year to AD, carrying HAS and DM simultaneously. Results: Subjects' profile - six professionals, five of them with higher education and one with technical education; average age 39, working in Home Care for approximately two years. Users were predominantly women, aged from 60 to 69 years-old, mostly married and with primary education. Data were categorized: Integrality of Health Care; Home Care and access to other health services; Training and skills in Home Care. It was observed integration among professionals of the sector, valuing biopsychosocial context and guiding actions in the care process. However, deficiency in intersectional articulation was detected. Conclusion: Co-responsibility, training and professional skills were related to an efficient service. Results showed that a humanized approach, bonding, and the effective participation of caregivers and families favor the execution of a therapeutic project and rehabilitation. Home care interconnects RAS points: de-hospitalization guides health care flow. Nevertheless, RAS members' awareness of Home Care practice, professional training and empowerment of caregivers should be improved.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a contribuição da Atenção Domiciliar (AD) para a construção das Redes de Atenção à Saúde (RAS) sob a óptica de profissionais e de usuários idosos. Método: Investigação qualitativa, aplicando roteiro semiestruturado. Foram incluídos seis profissionais, através de sorteio, sendo um de cada categoria do Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar de São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil e 34 usuários maiores de 60 anos, conscientes e orientados, com acompanhamento mínimo de um ano pela AD e portadores de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) e Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Resultados: Descrevem o perfil dos sujeitos - seis profissionais que atuam na AD, cinco de nível superior e um de ensino técnico; média de 39 anos; atuando no serviço há aproximadamente dois anos. Nos usuários, predominam: faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos; mulheres; ensino fundamental; casados. Os dados estão categorizados em: Integralidade dos Cuidados em Saúde; AD e o acesso aos demais serviços de saúde; Equipe interdisciplinar, Capacitação e habilidades em AD. Constatou-se integração entre profissionais, valorizando o contexto biopsicossocial e ações norteadoras do processo do cuidar, promovendo troca de saberes. Foi detectada deficiência na articulação intersetorial. Conclusão: Corresponsabilização, capacitação e habilidades dos profissionais relacionam-se com atendimento eficiente. Abordagem humanizada, vínculo e participação de cuidadores e familiares otimizam projeto terapêutico e reabilitação. AD interliga pontos das RAS: desospitalização norteia fluxo assistencial. Contudo, conscientização dos integrantes das RAS quanto à prática da AD, capacitação profissional e empoderamento de cuidadores devem ser aprimorados.

American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a northeast Brazilian city: clinical and epidemiological features.

INTRODUCTION: This study characterized the clinico-epidemiological profile of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases in Barbalha, Ceará State, Brazil. METHODS: Medical records of 363 patients visiting Federal University of Cariri between 2009 and 2014 were analyzed. RESULTS: ACL was more prevalent in men with low education level from rural zones. The main presentation was a single ulcer, mainly in the lower limbs, and 49.8% also presented lymphadenomegaly. The annual incidence ranged from 2.83 to 22.60 per 10,000 inhabitants. CONCLUSIONS: The rates observed in this study indicate the importance of additional research to contribute to the control of this endemic disease.

American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a northeast Brazilian city: clinical and epidemiological features

Abstract INTRODUCTION This study characterized the clinico-epidemiological profile of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases in Barbalha, Ceará State, Brazil. METHODS Medical records of 363 patients visiting Federal University of Cariri between 2009 and 2014 were analyzed. RESULTS ACL was more prevalent in men with low education level from rural zones. The main presentation was a single ulcer, mainly in the lower limbs, and 49.8% also presented lymphadenomegaly. The annual incidence ranged from 2.83 to 22.60 per 10,000 inhabitants. CONCLUSIONS: The rates observed in this study indicate the importance of additional research to contribute to the control of this endemic disease.

Actions of primary health care professionals to reduce maternal mortality in the Brazilian Northeast.

BACKGROUND: Maternal mortality is a global public health problem. Statistics show that in 2013, 289,000 women died from complications during pregnancy, childbirth or the postpartum period worldwide. Between 2010 and 2015, there were 10,075 maternal deaths in Brazil, 3,522of which occurred in the Northeast region. The aim of this study was to investigate the actions taken by primary health care (PHC) professionals to reduce maternal mortality. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive field study with a qualitative approach. The sample comprised 81 graduate-level professionals working in PHC in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Data were collected from January to March 2016 using structured interviews, which were digitally audio recorded and transcribed. The results were organized using collective subject discourse and analyzed according with the relevant literature. RESULTS: The PHC professionals took both individual and joint measures to reduce maternal mortality. These activities included home visits, health education, active searches, prenatal care consultations, referrals to specialized care and outreach. The challenges that must be overcome to prevent maternal mortality include poor care and ineffective public policies that are associated with a lack of managerial support. CONCLUSION: Interaction among professionals in the health care network is critical to the development of cross-sectoral projects that improve the quality of women's health care. Prenatal care is a key factor in reducing maternal death and enables the identification and classification of the risks to which pregnant women may be exposed and the implementation of early actions that can ensure a safe and uncomplicated delivery. However, all of these actions require effective public policies and managerial support.

Environmental factors can influence dengue reported cases / Fatores climáticos podem influenciar nos casos de notificação de dengue

Summary Introduction: Global climate changes directly affect the natural environment and contribute to an increase in the transmission of diseases by vectors. Among these diseases, dengue is at the top of the list. The aim of our study was to understand the consequences of temporal variability of air temperature in the occurrence of dengue in an area comprising seven municipalities of the Greater São Paulo. Method: Characterization of a temporal trend of the disease in the region between 2010 and 2013 was performed through analysis of the notified number of dengue cases over this period. Our analysis was complemented with meteorological (temperature) and pollutant concentration data (PM10). Results: We observed that the months of January, February, March, April and May (from 2010 to 2013) were the ones with the highest number of notified cases. We also found that there is a statistical association of moisture and PM10 with the reported cases of dengue. Conclusion: Although the temperature does not statistically display an association with recorded cases of dengue, we were able to verify that temperature peaks coincide with dengue outbreak peaks. Future studies on environmental pollution and its influence on the development of Aedes aegypti mosquito during all stages of its life cycle, and the definition of strategies for better monitoring, including campaigns and surveillance, would be compelling.

Resumo Objetivo: As alterações globais que têm ocorrido interferem no ambiente natural, influenciando diretamente no crescimento da transmissão de doenças ocasionadas por vetores, das quais se destaca a dengue. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as consequências da variabilidade temporal das condições climáticas em relação à ocorrência de dengue na população da região metropolitana de São Paulo, constituída por sete municípios. Método: A caracterização da tendência temporal da dengue foi realizada por meio da análise dos números de casos de dengue notificados nos anos de 2010 a 2013, de dados meteorológicos (umidade e temperatura) e dados de concentração de poluentes (PM10). Resultados: Observou-se que os meses de janeiro a abril (de 2010 a 2013) foram os que apresentaram maior número de casos notificados de dengue, com associação estatística entre a umidade e PM10 com os casos de dengue notificados. Conclusão: Embora a temperatura não assuma, estatisticamente, uma associação com os casos de dengue registrados, foi possível verificar que os picos de temperatura coincidem com os picos epidêmicos de dengue. Seriam interessantes futuros estudos referentes à poluição ambiental e a sua influência no desenvolvimento do mosquito Aedes aegypti em todas as suas fases do ciclo de vida e definição de estratégias para melhor monitoração, campanhas e vigilância.

Mental health and public policies implemented in the Northeast of Brazil: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Studies about mental disorders are very rare in the Northeast of Brazil, especially when psychopathologies in children and adolescents are considered. The consequence is a small availability of data and an absence of a real epidemiological profile. METHODS: This is a systematic review with meta-analysis, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol, in the period from 2003 to 2015, using the databases LILACS, SciELO and BVS. The analysis comprised the keywords 'models of primary and secondary healthcare in mental health', 'psychiatric reform' and 'policies and services in mental health', using the Boolean operator '# AND'. Original texts based on secondary data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System were also included via the Citizen Electronic Record System, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, and Ministry of Health. Grey literature was used by means of hand searching. RESULTS: A combined analysis of the strategies mentioned in the analyzed articles shows a combined odds ratio of 1.291 (confidence interval (CI) = 1.054-1.582), thus it demonstrates the efficacy of using such strategies in the elaboration of institutional apparatus in mental health. The p-value of the chi-square distribution resulted in .9753, which does not reject the hypothesis of association between strategies in mental health and possible development of institutional apparatus in mental health. CONCLUSIONS: A combined analysis of all strategies mentioned in the analyzed studies shows efficacy of using strategies to elaborate institutional apparatus in mental health.

Environmental factors can influence dengue reported cases.

INTRODUCTION: Global climate changes directly affect the natural environment and contribute to an increase in the transmission of diseases by vectors. Among these diseases, dengue is at the top of the list. The aim of our study was to understand the consequences of temporal variability of air temperature in the occurrence of dengue in an area comprising seven municipalities of the Greater São Paulo. METHOD: Characterization of a temporal trend of the disease in the region between 2010 and 2013 was performed through analysis of the notified number of dengue cases over this period. Our analysis was complemented with meteorological (temperature) and pollutant concentration data (PM10). RESULTS: We observed that the months of January, February, March, April and May (from 2010 to 2013) were the ones with the highest number of notified cases. We also found that there is a statistical association of moisture and PM10 with the reported cases of dengue. CONCLUSION: Although the temperature does not statistically display an association with recorded cases of dengue, we were able to verify that temperature peaks coincide with dengue outbreak peaks. Future studies on environmental pollution and its influence on the development of Aedes aegypti mosquito during all stages of its life cycle, and the definition of strategies for better monitoring, including campaigns and surveillance, would be compelling.

Impacto do Programa Mais Médicos na atenção básica de um município do sertão central nordestino / The impact of the Program More Doctors in the basic atention in a north east location county

Tendo em vista os problemas inerentes à atenção primária a saúde, o Governo Federal implantou o Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil em busca de melhoria na assistência e do acesso à atenção primária a saúde com vistas de proporcionar qualidade de vida aos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde -SUS através da prevenção e promoção da saúde. Este estudo visou identificar os impactos causados pela implementação do Programa Mais Médicos em um município do sertão central nordestino. O estudo foi constituído a partir da análise estatística dos indicadores registrados no Sistema de informação da Atenção Básica SIAB. Os dados foram processados no software Stata®, na versão 11.0, onde, a partir da análise estatística descritiva, os resultados foram analisados e apresentados em tabelas. O estudo identificou que a partir da implementação do Programa Mais Médicos houve um aumento considerável no número de consultas e atendimentos realizados pelos médicos, tendo destaque os atendimentos prestados aos pacientes portadores de tuberculose e hanseníase e impacto nas solicitações dos exames complementares que sofreu uma queda bastante considerável. Outro ponto identificado é o aumento de visitas domiciliares. Pode se realizar uma análise de forma geral de melhoria dos indicadores da saúde no município depois do Programa Mais Médicos implantado segundo resultados estatísticos apresentados.

Because of problems in Brazil’s primary health care attention, the Federal Government created the Mais Médicos Program. This Program comprises a series of actions intended to better assistance in the segment of primary health care attention and have the great responsibility to promote the life quality of the Brazilian national health system (SUS) users, and became possible through the health promotion and prevention. This study aims at identifying impacts that come out with the Mais Médicos Program implementation in a north east location county, through the analysis of statistical indicators registered in the basicattention information system (SIAB). The data were processed by software Stata 11.0 and are shown as descriptive statistics and tables. The work identified an important increase in numbers of medical appointments, given a special emphasis in medical appointments to tuberculosis and hanseniase suffers, as well as a decrease number in extras exams solicitations. Another point identified that deserves merit is the demand of home visit by the doctor. In this way can be perform, in a general form, an improvement of health indicators in the county after the Mais Médicos Program based on real statistics results.